好莱坞为什么担心AI？我在圣丹斯电影节看到的行业冲突与共赢可能
导读
This article records Andrew Ng's observations and thoughts after participating in an AI-themed panel at the Sundance Film Festival. It not only sorts out the real concerns of the Hollywood industry about AI from the aspects of intellectual property, employment and discourse power, but also puts forward the view that the two sides have common interests and can achieve win-win cooperation. The core point of view is that the collision between AI technology and the film industry is not a zero-sum game, and finding a balance between technology promotion and industry interests will help the healthy development of both sides. After reading it, I have a more comprehensive understanding of the practical resistance faced by the commercialization of generative AI in the cultural and creative field, and also see the possibility of cross-border integration of technology and art.
这篇文章记录了吴恩达在圣丹斯电影节参与AI主题论坛后的观察与思考，既从知识产权、就业、话语权三个层面梳理了好莱坞行业对AI的真实顾虑，也提出双方存在共同利益、可以实现合作共赢的观点。核心看法是AI技术和电影行业的碰撞并非零和博弈，在技术推广和行业利益之间找到平衡点，会有助于双方的健康发展。读完之后我对生成式AI在文创领域商业化面临的现实阻力有了更全面的认知，也看到了技术和艺术跨界融合的可能性。
Dear friends,
朋友们好，
I recently spoke at the Sundance Film Festival on a panel about AI. Sundance is an annual gathering of filmmakers and movie buffs that serves as the premier showcase for independent films in the United States. Knowing that many people in Hollywood are extremely uncomfortable about AI, I decided to immerse myself for a day in this community to learn about their anxieties and build bridges.
我最近在圣丹斯电影节的一场AI主题论坛上做了分享。圣丹斯是电影从业者和影迷的年度盛会，也是美国独立电影最重要的展映平台。我知道很多好莱坞从业者对AI抱有强烈的抵触情绪，所以特意花了一天时间深入这个圈子，了解他们的焦虑，也试着搭建双方沟通的桥梁。
I’m grateful to Daniel Dae Kim, an actor/producer/director I’ve come to respect deeply for his artistic and social work, for organizing the panel, which also included Daniel, Dan Kwan, Jonathan Wang, and Janet Yang. I found myself surrounded by award-winning filmmakers and definitely felt like the odd person out!
非常感谢金大贤组织了这场论坛，他是演员、制片人也是导演，在艺术创作和社会活动方面的成就我一直非常敬佩。同台的还有关家永、乔纳森·王和杨燕子，身边全是拿过行业大奖的电影人，我站在中间确实有种格格不入的感觉！
First, Hollywood has many reasons to be uncomfortable with AI. People from the entertainment industry come from a very different culture than many who work in tech, and this drives deep differences in what we focus on and what we value. A significant subset of Hollywood is concerned that:
先说为什么好莱坞对AI的抵触这么强烈吧。文娱行业和科技行业的底层文化完全不一样，这导致双方关注的重点、看重的价值都有很深的分歧。好莱坞圈子里很大一部分人的顾虑集中在三点：
- AI companies are taking their work to learn from it without consent and compensation. Whereas the software industry is used to open source and the open internet, Hollywood focuses much more on intellectual property, which underlies the core economic engines of the entertainment industry.
第一，AI公司在没有获得授权、也没有支付报酬的情况下，就用他们的作品训练模型。软件行业早已习惯了开源和开放互联网的逻辑，但好莱坞的核心经济根基就是知识产权，对这部分的敏感度自然高得多。
- Powerful unions like SAG-AFTRA (Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists) are deeply concerned about protecting the jobs of their members. When AI technology (or any other force) threatens the livelihoods of their members — like voice actors — they will fight mightily against potential job losses.
第二，演员工会等强势行业组织首要任务是保护成员的工作机会。如果AI技术或者其他任何因素威胁到了配音演员这类从业者的生计，工会肯定会尽全力反对，避免成员失业。
- This wave of technological change feels forced on them more than previous waves, where they felt more free to adopt or reject the technology. For example, celebrities felt like it was up to them whether to use social media. In contrast, negative messaging from some AI leaders who present the technology as unstoppable, perhaps even a dangerous force that will wipe out many jobs, has not encouraged enthusiastic adoption.
第三，这次技术变革给他们的感觉是“被迫接受”，不像之前的技术迭代，他们可以自主选择用还是不用。比如社交媒体兴起的时候，明星可以自己决定要不要开账号、要不要运营。但现在不少AI领域的意见领袖一直在输出负面论调，说AI是不可阻挡的，甚至是会消灭大量工作的危险力量，这种表述自然没法让大家愿意主动接受。
Having said that, Hollywood is under no illusions that AI will change entertainment, and that if Hollywood does not adapt, perhaps some other place will become the new center for entertainment. The entertainment industry is no stranger to technology change. Radio, TV, computer graphics special effects, video streaming, and social media transformed the industry. But the path to navigating AI’s transformation is still unclear, and organizations like the new are trying to stake out positions. Unfortunately, Hollywood’s negative sentiment toward AI also means it will produce a lot more *Terminator*-like movies that portray AI as more dangerous than helpful, and this hurts beneficial AI adoption as well.
话虽如此，好莱坞也很清楚AI必然会改变文娱行业，如果自己不适应，说不定全球文娱产业的中心就会转移到其他地方。文娱行业本来就对技术变革不陌生，广播、电视、CG特效、流媒体、社交媒体，每次技术迭代都重塑了整个行业。但现在大家还没找到应对AI变革的清晰路径，不少新成立的行业组织也在慢慢摸索立场。可惜的是，好莱坞对AI的负面情绪，也意味着未来会出现更多类似《终结者》的作品，把AI塑造得弊大于利，这反过来也会阻碍AI正面价值的落地。
The interests of AI and Hollywood are not always aligned. (Every time I speak in a group like this as the “AI representative,” I can count on being asked very hard questions.) Most of us in tech would prefer a more open internet and more permissive use of creative works. But there is also much common ground, for example in wanting guardrails against deepfakes and a smooth transition for those whose jobs are displaced, perhaps via upskilling.
AI行业和好莱坞的利益确实不是完全一致的——每次我作为“AI代表”和这类行业群体交流，一定会被问到非常尖锐的问题。科技圈大多数人希望互联网更开放，创作内容的使用规则更宽松。但双方也有不少共同点，比如都希望建立深度伪造的监管规则，也都希望受AI影响的从业者能通过技能升级平稳过渡，不至于直接失去生计。
Storytelling is hard. I’m optimistic that AI tools like Veo, Sora, Runway, Kling, Ray, Hailuo, and many others can make video creation easier for millions of people. I hope Hollywood and AI developers will find more opportunities to collaborate, find more common ground, and also steer our projects toward outcomes that are win-win for as many parties as possible.
创作故事从来不是一件容易的事。我很看好Veo、Sora、Runway、可灵、Morph Studio、海螺等AI工具，它们能让上千万普通人更容易完成视频创作。希望好莱坞和AI开发者能找到更多合作机会，挖掘更多共同利益，推动项目朝着尽可能多方共赢的方向发展。
Keep building!
持续创造吧！
Andrew
安德鲁
来源：https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/why-hollywood-worries-about-ai